If any of the links in the chain are not synchronized effectively, the outcome of the serve will not be optimal.The serve has been studied in a similar manner to the throwing motion in baseball, although some significant differences do exist between the serving motion and the throwing motion. This lower body–core force production is then transferred up into the upper body and out through the racket into the ball. Effective servers maximally utilize their entire kinetic chain via the synchronous use of selective muscle groups, segmental rotations, and coordinated lower extremity muscle activation (quadriceps, hamstrings, and hip rotators, internal and external). The complexity of the movement results from the combination of limb and joint movements required to summate and transfer forces from the ground up through the kinetic chain and out into the ball. The tennis serve is the most complex stroke in competitive tennis.
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